In Minor Keys

Opens Saturday, May 9 Pio Abad, Philip Aguirre y Otegui, Akinbode Akinbiyi, Laurie Anderson, Fabrice Aragno, Arms Ache Avid Aeon (Nancy Brooks Brody, Joy Episalla, Zoe Leonard, Carrie Yamaoka, Fierce Pussy, Jo-ey Tang), Kader Attia, Sammy Baloji, Ranti Bam, Alvaro Barrington, Éric Baudelaire, Sabian Baumann, BlaxTarlines Kumasi, Beverly Buchanan, Seyni Awa Camara, Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons & Kamaal Malak, Nick Cave, Carolina Caycedo, Annalee Davis, BuBu de la Madeleine, Dawn DeDeaux, Nolan Oswald Dennis, Denniston Hill, Bonnie Devine, Godfried Donkor, Marcel Duchamp, Edouard Duval-Carrié, Torkwase Dyson, Rana Elnemr, Theo Eshetu, Rachel Fallon (with Alice Maher), G.A.S. Foundation, Sofía Gallisá Muriente, Adebunmi Gbadebo, Leonilda González, Linda Goode Bryant, Joana Hadjithomas & Khalil Joreige, Alexa Kumiko Hatanaka, Ayrson Heráclito, Clarissa Herbst & Dominique Rust, Nicholas Hlobo, Carsten Höller, Sohrab Hura, Alfredo Jaar, Mohammed Joha, Michael Joo, Nina Katchadourian, Bodys Isek Kingelez, Sandra Knecht, Marcia Kure, Natalia Lassalle-Morillo (in collaboration with Gloria Morillo), Florence Lazar, Dan Lie, Werewere Liking, Lugar a Dudas, Daniel Lind-Ramos, Alice Maher, Senzeni Marasela, Guadalupe Maravilla, Manuel Mathieu, Georgina Maxim, Tiona Nekkia McClodden, Big Chief Demond Melancon, Avi Mograbi, Wangechi Mutu, Nairobi Contemporary Art Institute (NCAI), Eustaquio Neves, Tuấn Andrew Nguyễn, Tammy Nguyen, Otobong Nkanga, Kaloki Nyamai, Temitayo Ogunbiyi, Pauline Oliveros, Kambui Olujimi, Hagar Ophir, Uriel Orlow, Ebony G. Patterson, Rajni Perera & Marigold Santos, Thania Petersen, Alan Phelan, Johannes Phokela, Léonard Pongo, Gala Porras-Kim, Walid Raad, Mohammed Z. Rahman, RAW Material Company, Tabita Rezaire, Guadalupe Rosales, Yo-E Ryou, Khaled Sabsabi, Rose Salane, Issa Samb, Amina Saoudi Aït Khay, Carrie Schneider, Hala Schoukair, Berni Searle, Mmakgabo Mmapula Helen Sebidi, Wardha Shabbir, Yoshiko Shimada, Himali Singh Soin & David Soin Tappeser, Buhlebezwe Siwani, Cauleen Smith, Vera Tamari, Tsai Ming-liang, Victoria-Idongesit Udondian, Celia Vásquez Yui, Kemang Wa Lehulere, Kennedy Yanko, Raed Yassin, Sawangwongse Yawnghwe, Billie Zangewa Introduction by curator Koyo Kouoh: "[Take a deep breath] [Exhale] [Drop your shoulders] [Close your eyes] This is an invitation to encounter these words in the immediate physical, meteorological, ambient, and karmic conditions in which they meet you. To shift to a slower gear and tune in to the frequencies of the minor keys. Because, though often lost in the anxious cacophony of the present chaos raging through the world, the music continues. The songs of those producing beauty in spite of tragedy, the tunes of the fugitives recovering from the ruins, the harmonies of those repairing wounds and worlds. There is a reason, after all, that some people wish to colonize the moon, and others dance before it as an ancient friend." —James Baldwin, 1972 [1] The minor key, in music, alludes both to the structure of a song and to its emotional effects. It is a rich idea, so rich that it quickly overflows its technical definition and spills with metaphor. It summons moods, the blues, the call-and-response, the morna, the second line, the lament, the allegory, the whisper. The minor keys refuse orchestral bombast and goose-step military marches and come alive in the quiet tones, the lower frequencies, the hums, the consolations of poetry, all portals of improvisation to the elsewhere and the otherwise. The minor keys ask for listening that calls on the emotions and sustains them in return. The minor keys are also the small islands, worlds amid oceans with distinct and endlessly rich ecosystems, social lives that are articulated, for better and worse, within much larger political forms and ecological stakes. Here, the evocation of the key and the island extends to an archipelago of oases: gardens, courtyards, compounds, lofts, dance floors — the other worlds that artists make, the intimate and convivial universes that refresh and sustain even in terrible times; indeed, especially in terrible times. "Look at the creole garden, you put all species on such a little lick of land: avocados, lemons, yams, sugarcanes …plus thirty or forty other species on this bit of land that doesn’t go more than fifty feet up the side of the hill, they protect each other. In the great Circle, everything is in everything else." —Édouard Glissant, 1993 [2] These are the cues for an exhibition; an exhibition tuned in to the minor keys; an exhibition that invites listening to the persistent signals of earth and life, connecting to soul frequencies. If, in music, the minor keys are often associated with strangeness, melancholy and sorrow, here their joy, solace, hope, and transcendence manifest as well. In the minor keys, sound and sensation are grounding, they hold the cadences, melodies, and silences of resonant worlds that gather and create together a polyphonous assembly of art, convening and communing in convivial collectivity, beaming across the void of alienation and the crackle of conflict. The 61st edition of the Biennale Arte is grounded in a deep belief in artists as the vital interpreters of the social and psychic condition and catalysts of new relations and possibilities. The exhibition’s composition is formed by artistic practices that open portals, that refresh and nourish, that prompt relation and relationship, that advance concept and form through networks and schools — understood freely and informally. The intended effect scrambles cohesion and dissonance in the manner of a free-jazz ensemble, or perhaps, at the scale of the Biennale Arte, a festival of ensembles with a common premise: that poetics liberate and people make beauty together. Through, relation, sharing, and transcendence, the artists and practices that operate in this spirit, like jazz, across methods, scales, senses and forms, propose to visitors an exhibitional experience that is more sensory than didactic, renewing rather than exhausting, and fortifying for the work ahead. Through a visual and meditative procession, the exhibition prompts all senses to interconnect and meander from one universe to the other, rendering visible the possibilities that reside in the in-between spaces and beyond the portals. "...there is no choice but to tune in like jazzmen to these imperative mutations. The jazzman constantly meditates on the unpredictable, stands within it according to the laws of polyrhythm, and improvises breathtaking moments. We small-island Caribbeans are not ready, but we have this resource. The change will have to be so profound that we will no doubt have to add to the knowledge of jazz, the old totemisms, animisms, analogisms, and other metaphysics too summarily discarded. These old-world poems are already precious scores." —Patrick Chamoiseau, 2023 [3] In this spirit, the international exhibition of the 61st Biennale Arte intends neither a litany of commentary on world events, nor an inattention or escape from compounding and continuous intersecting crises. Rather, it proposes a radical reconnection with art’s natural habitat and role in society: that is the emotional, the visual, the sensory, the affective, the subjective. In Minor Keys are sequences of exhilarating journeys that address the sensate and the affective, inviting visitors to marvel, meditate, dream, revel, reflect, and commune in realms where time is not corporate property nor at the mercy of relentlessly accelerated productivity. After all, it is clear by now that the enduring time of capital and empire maligned local, Indigenous and terrestrial knowledges as chimeric, and dismissed co-constitutive artistic practices as artisanal, intended for decoration or devotional rituals. The ‘civilizing mission’ flattens all with condescending contempt, and in the contemporary era entire societies and ecologies are regarded as collateral damage in the headstrong pursuit of growth supported by ruthlessness and greed. In refusing the spectacle of horror, the time has come to listen to the minor keys, to tune in sotto voce to the whispers, to the lower frequencies; to find the oases, the islands, where the dignity of all living beings is safeguarded. The exhibition posits that such radical shifts are taking place — indeed, have been underway all along — in the minor keys, and the artists, poets, performers, and filmmakers whom the exhibition will convene are grounded in their commitments to realizing them. Artists are channels to and between the minor keys and listening to, rather than speaking for them is at the core of the curatorial conceit. The exhibition In Minor Keys stands as a collective score composed together with artists who have built universes of imagination. Artists who work at the boundaries of form, and whose practices can be thought of as intricate melodies to be heard both collectively and on their own terms. These are artists whose practices seamlessly bleed into society. Artists who accommodate daily life as part of a logical and aesthetically consistent relation of parts. Artists who are exceedingly generous and hospitable to life. "In our myths, in our songs, that’s where the seeds are. It is not possible to constantly hone on the crisis. You have to have the love and you have to have the magic, that’s also life." —Toni Morrison, 1977 [4] 1 - James Baldwin, No Name in the Street (New York: Dial Press, 1972). 2 - Edouard Glissant, Tout-monde (Paris: Gallimard, 1993), 208; translated by Eric Prieto, 2010. 3 - Patrick Chamoiseau, 'We Caribbeans are not ready but have the resources to adapt to unavoidable climate mutations,' Le Monde, June 29 2023. 4 - Toni Morrison interviewed by John Callaway, WTTW, Chicago, 1977. Koyo Kouoh (Cameroon, 24 December 1967 / Switzerland, 10 May 2025) was the Executive Director and Chief Curator of Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (Zeitz MOCAA) in Cape Town. Prior to this appointment, she was the founding Artistic Director of RAW Material Company, a centre for art, knowledge and society in Dakar, Senegal, as well as part of the curatorial teams for documenta 12 (2007) and documenta 13 (2012). Kouoh is the recipient of the Grand Prix Meret Oppenheim 2020, the Swiss Grand Award for Art that honours achievements in the fields of art, architecture, critique, and exhibitions. Koyo Kouoh has organised meaningful and timely exhibitions such as Body Talk: Feminism, Sexuality and the Body in the Works of Six African Women Artists, first shown at Wiels in Brussels, Belgium in 2015. She curated Still (the) Barbarians, 37th EVA International, the Ireland Biennial in Limerick in 2016 and participated in the 57th Carnegie International in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, with the deeply researched exhibition project Dig Where You Stand (2018), a show within a show, drawn from the collections of the Carnegie Museums of Art and Natural History. She has served as Curator of the Educational and Artistic Programme of 1-54 Contemporary African Art Fair in London, UK and New York, US, from 2013 to 2017. She was the initiator of the research project Saving Bruce Lee: African and Arab Cinema in the Era of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy, co-curated with Rasha Salti at Garage Museum of Contemporary Art in Moscow, Russia, and Haus der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin, Germany (2015-2018). Active in the critical field of the arts community in a pan-African and international scope, Kouoh had a remarkable list of publications under her name, including When We See Us: A Century of Black Figuration in Painting (2022), which accompanied the eponymous show that opened at Zeitz MOCAA in November 2022; Shooting Down Babylon (2022), the first monograph of the work of South African artist Tracey Rose; Breathing Out of School: RAW Académie (2021); Condition Report on Art History in Africa (2020); Word!Word?Word! Issa Samb and The Undecipherable Form (2013); and Condition Report on Building Art Institutions in Africa (2012), to name a few. During her tenure at Zeitz MOCAA, her curatorial work focuses on in-depth solo exhibitions by African and African-descent artists. As such, she has organised exhibitions with Otobong Nkanga, Johannes Phokela, Senzeni Marasela, Abdoulaye Konaté, Tracey Rose, and Mary Evans. She lived and worked alternately in Cape Town, South Africa; Dakar, Senegal; and Basel, Switzerland. With the full support of Koyo Kouoh’s family, La Biennale di Venezia decided to carry out her exhibition. It has done so by following the project just as she conceived and defined it, with the purpose of preserving, enhancing and disseminating her ideas and the work she pursued.